The Link Between Alcohol and Aggression

The Link Between Alcohol and Aggression Addiction Alcohol Use Print The Link Between Alcohol and Aggression By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 24, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on November 24, 2019 Oliver Henze/EyeEm/Getty More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery The association between alcohol and aggression is huge, according to Robert O. Pihl, professor of psychology and psychiatry at McGill University. Alcohol is involved in half of all murders, rapes, and assaults, he said. But the dynamics of this association are complicated, which is why any research that focuses on explaining this relationship is important for society in general. Statistics from the National Institute on  Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism from 2015  corroborate his statement, including:?? 696,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 were assaulted by another student who had been drinking.97,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 reported experiencing alcohol-related sexual assault or date rape. The Basics of Anger Aggression is an outlet for anger. Its easy to think of this as the emotional state that occurs when we get mad. Often, this is a response to a provocation of some sort.   Actually, the personality trait of anger refers to your general tendency to experience chronic anger over time. If youre an angry person, you tend to seek out stimuli that activate  feelings of anger. This may explain why you are angry more often compared with someone who does not have this personality trait.?? Trait Anger Is an Aggression Predictor Trait anger significantly predicts aggression in intoxicated men who report low levels of anger control, according to a study published in Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research.  To obtain these results, researchers recruited 136 male social drinkers ages 21 to 35 to express their aggression after consuming either an alcoholic or placebo beverage.?? Participants were told they were going to compete  against  another individual on a reaction time task, during which they might receive electric shocks from their opponent. While engaged in this fictitious task, which included both high and low shock levels or provocation, the participants experience of anger was unobtrusively assessed using the Facial Action Coding System. Alcohol Brings out Aggression Alcohol intoxication brings out peoples natural tendencies to the expression of anger, said Dominic Parrott, the graduate student who conducted the study. Our findings strengthen the notion that alcohol increases the likelihood that certain drinkers, particularly those with the tendency to be angry and to express their anger outwardly, become aggressive when provoked. If individuals tend to express their anger outwardly, said Zeichner, alcohol will turn up the volume, so that such a person will express anger more frequently and more intensely. A heightened response will most likely occur when the provocation against the drinker is a strong one, and will less likely occur when the individual is experiencing a low provocation and is sober. Anger, Alcohol, and Domestic Violence The relationship of intimate partner violence is one area that is of great concern when it comes to alcohol and anger. This pertains to adults in long-term relationships such as marriages as well as dating and sexual violence. In a 2017 report, researchers shared their findings of the relationship between alcohol and dating violence. The study included 67 undergraduate men who were engaged currently dating someone. The conclusions were that alcohol increased the odds of physical aggression in those men who had high trait anger and poor anger management skills. It also noted that sexual aggression was higher with alcohol, even in men with low trait anger and reasonable anger management skills.?? How to Get Help When Your Partner Gets Violent After Drinking Energy Drinks and Alcohol a Potential Risk Factor Cocktails that include energy drinks should be considered a possible factor  for aggressive behavior in bars as well. In another study, researchers surveyed 175 young adults who mixed alcohol with caffeinated energy drinks about their verbal and physical aggression in bar conflicts. More research is needed, but the study did find enough escalation in people consuming these drinks to label them a potential risk to increased hostility.?? Could you be in danger? Take the Domestic Danger Assessment Quiz.

The Civil War In Ethiopia - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 867 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Civil War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? It was the year 1974, September 12, a group of Military men known as the Derg decided to start a war and overthrow the government and its Emperor named Haile Selassie. The Emperor used to be a caring man, until he began to care less and no longer worried about his people and their living situation. Many would notice his lack of leadership and would protest for a new leader, even the students would try to speak up but would be ignored or shut down by the military. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Civil War In Ethiopia" essay for you Create order Ethiopia was a place where many suffered, not just by the hands of Emperor Haile Selassie, but also by the evil war created by the Derg. The Derg wasnt just a simple group that served justice because the government was corrupted. In the book Beneath the Lions Gaze written by Maaza Mengiste the Derg was no better than the actual government. There were parts in the book where the author showed how controlling the Derg really was, they played a huge part in the Ethiopian Civil War. From murdering innocent people because of one little mistake they would say or do, to even exterminating the Emperor and anyone who was on the Emperors side. The book was supposed to show you a glimpse of what would happen to families, individuals, and anything living thing that would dare go against the Derg in real life. The Derg murdered thousands of innocent human beings without a reason, they werent to have emotional feelings or remorse for the people that they would kill. They had no problem executing their own people if it meant getting rid of threats and enemies. If bad times were being put down in a book imagine how it would have been in real life. Between the years 1774-1777, was when most of the events took place, by 1794 everything calmed down. But it wasnt until December 2006 that a few leaders of the Derg deserved what was coming and that was justice for all their wrong doings. The moment many noticed that the Emperor was being distant were in the years 1972-1974, later on the Emperor Haile Selassie died while being in detention. The Derg then started eliminating their enemies between the years 1975-1977, many other groups were not happy with how the Derg were running things so they decided to start attacks for Eritreans independence. Groups like Urban Guerrilla and Somalia rebelled but the Ethiopian military defeated them with the help of the Soviet Union and Cuba, which then made Ethiopia and ally for Africa. Since the Derg had military help from the Soviet Union, Cuba, and even Korea on Ethiopias side, it was then considered the best armed nation in their region. Not only were there many disagreements in between those years but also there was some good in them too. The Derg decided to come up with a new rule in which lands that landlords owned would be taken away from them and given to the peasants, this was called Land to the Tiller. This new rule was both good and bad because the peasants would at least have a place to build a home, but it wasnt fair for the landlords who worked to have their lands. With all the rules and mistreatments that many had to go through, it caused people to leave Ethiopia leading to lack of food, crash crops ,and productivity in general. Most of the population left the land they were born and spread all across the Western countries in search for a better future for them, making Ethiopia a lonely country. It is highly expected with controlling governments to have rebels, sometimes many dont think they would act out but when somethings wrong there is always sometime that will express how they feel. Many rebels came from Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Tigray all demanding for justice and seeking a better government to finally give the people what theyve been longing for. Even though the Derg was known as a powerful military, it failed to stop rebellions forming in Eritrea. Most of the rebels were more active in Tigray, but it inspired many others to come out and fight for their country and their freedom. More and more of the population united against the Derg to regain back the land that was taken from them, plenty of new organizations were also created to help them take down the Derg and bring peace instead of wars. At the end of the year 1987 the organizations created by the the rebels from Eritrea and Tigray controlled 90 percent of the regions. In the end, despite all the troubles that Ethiopia and Eritrea went through, good come out triumphing all evil. Eritrea became an independent country, many Ethiopians were not happy about that decision but it was something that the Eritreans voted highly voted and fought for. Ethiopia was divided into 10 regions with a new government known as The Mengistu, but of course there are a handful of the people that dont agree with the new government and hope to soon have a better one to take control. Last but not least regions like Tigray were taken over by organizations called TPLF and EPRDM, which focused on Addis Ababa.

Human Resource Management ( Hrm ) - 1145 Words

Abstract Human Resource Management (HRM) is the utilization of individuals to achieve organizational objectives that involves with are staffing, human resource development, compensation, safety and health, employee and labor relations (Lussier, 2016, p. 6). Staffing is the process through which an organization ensures that it is always has the proper number of employees with the appropriate skills in the right jobs, at the right time, to achieve organizational goals (Lussier, 2016, p. 6). Human Resource managers are responsible for recruiting of adequate personnel in an organization. To recruit a suitable employee, some appropriate ways are needed. Organization should match the candidates’ interest, works attitude, educational background and experience with the job offered. Matching the characteristics of candidates with job specifications is needed to make a smooth selection. When the qualified candidates are recruited, they will be screened in aspects of skills, ability, streng th and background and potential of developed. While the process of recruiting might sound very simplistic it actually quite the opposite. In modern time social media and the accessibility to the internet has made this task a lot more virtual than ever before. Sites such as LinkedIn has simplified the jobs of many HR managers in today society. Introduction Effective employee recruiting is an essential key in making a business successful. Businesses can fail simply because they doShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1508 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Human resource management (HRM) is the managing of human skills and talents to make sure they are used effectively and in alignment with an organization’s goals† (Youssef, 2012). The primary role of human resource management is to plan, develop, and order policies and programmers designed to make prompt use of an organization’s human resources. It is that part of management which is concerned with the people at work and with their relationship within an organization. I currently work for a HumanRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1552 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Resource Management (HRM) is the function within an association that has emphases on the employment of, administration of, and providing direction for the employees within an organization. The H uman Resource Management department members deliver knowledge, training, tools, administrative services, and lawful and organization advice. The HRM department is organized by very talented managers who has a mission to make sure the rest of the business has the needs for successful operation. HumanRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1562 Words   |  7 PagesHuman resource management (HRM) is an important strategic and systematic approach that provides each company with the opportunity to create policies and practices, as well as to establish administrative forms (Pfeffer, 2007). According to Armstrong (2009) HRM is an approach that deals with ‘employment, development, and well-being of the people working in organizations’. However HRM has evolved significantly through the years due to the rapid social, economic, political and environmental changes.Read MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1142 Words   |  5 Pageshe HRM Process Human Resource Management (HRM) is a combination of elements that work interdependently on each other to carry out the daily functions within an organization. Human Resources Management operates in several roles serving as a liaison between the organization and the employee. This dual role often present challenges within HRM; therefore it is vital the HRM Department is skilled on various issues that may arise on a daily basis within an organization. In this paper, I will discussRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1105 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Resource Management (HRM) is the function within an association that has emphases on the employment of, administration of, and providing direction for the employees within an organization. The Human Resource Management department members deliver knowledge, training, tools, administrative services, and lawful and organization advice. The HRM department is organized by very talented managers who has a mission to make sure the rest o f the business has the needs for successful operation. HumanRead MoreHuman Resource Management : Hrm772 Words   |  4 Pagesa brief description of the models of HRM discussed in the first chapter of the textbook, and explain how each one relates to strategic human resource management. Human Resource Management (HRM) at its best seeks to manage people and resources to maximize economic and social outputs. Social output resulting from providing opportunity for advancement will ultimately make employees become true participants in the company. Bratton and Gold (2012) outline six HRM models, they are: the Forbrum, TichyRead MoreHrm And The And Human Resource Management1094 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The main purpose to write this essay is to analogize the differences in the field of HRM and IR. The Foundation of Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management is based on intense academic study. The essay is an endeavor to illustrate by scrutinizing their objectives and the viewpoints or the approaches of this field. The first part of the essay is an attempt to define HRM and IR and it further continues to explain the differences and similarities between the two. In the lastRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1405 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Resource Management (HRM) seeks to manage people and resources to maximize economic and social outputs. Bratton and Gold (2012) outline six HRM models which include: the Forbrum, Tichy and Devanna model, the Harvard model, the Guest model, the Warwick model, The Storey model, and Ulrich’s Strategic Partner model of HRM. Forbrum Tichy and Devanna model of HRM is based on the principle of selecting, appraising, developing and rewarding employees who fulfill management strategic business interestsRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )2412 Words   |  10 Pages these human traits can bring considerable benefits to organizations† (Mullins 1999). However, when managed poorly they have the potential to limit organizational growth and threaten the viability of a business. â€Å"There are countless examples of corporate and project crises in the construction sector which have arisen as the result of people s behaviour, and it would seem that human resource management (HRM) has the potential to eliminate more construction risks than any other management approach†Read MoreHuman Resources Management ( Hrm ) Essay794 Words   |  4 Pages Human Resources Management (HRM) is people who work in an organization. The manager is a person who manages people, leads, facilitates and provide tools for the organization. Human resources management also, sets strategic processes and procedures, run difficult and complex communication as the organization attracts the best talents from the recruiting process. Human resources management is where everything begins and ends for an individual and the organization. Consequently

“Beyond thee Influence” by K. Ketcham Free Essays

The book â€Å"Beyond thee Influence: Understanding and Defeating Alcoholism† by Katherine Ketcham is devoted to the problem of alcoholism and the author ties to fill in the gaps in knowledge. The author discusses current theory of alcoholism, defines its causes and consequences and says that alcoholism is disease, not weakness of willpower. The book is divided into three sections: â€Å"The Problem†, â€Å"The Solution†, â€Å"The Future†. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Beyond thee Influence† by K. Ketcham or any similar topic only for you Order Now Evidently, the firsts section discusses the origins of alcoholism, defines the terms and describes what is going on in the body. The section provides details overview of three mechanisms involved in the metabolism of alcohol. The author involves also brain damage and dependence on alcohol, as well as three stages of alcoholism – early, middle and late. The second section is devoted to finding solutions to fight alcoholic dependency. Ketcham talks about diagnosing an alcoholic, intervention and treatment options. Special attention is paid to the Sundown M being a famous treatment of alcoholism that helped more than 30,000 alcoholics. Furthermore, the role of family involvement is underlined. Finally, the third section how it is possible to reduce the impact of alcohol and what changes to implement to decrease the rates. The author discusses alcohol industry, advertising, etc. According to author, alcohol’s effect can be changed through penalties for drunk driving, higher liquor taxes and more informative education programs for children, teenagers and adults. Moreover, the section involves personal stories about devastating effect of alcohol consumption on future life. It is necessary to mention that the book is well-written and well-organized. Despite the fact that discussion of metabolism and cellular interactions are rather difficult for understanding, the whole book id well suited for most teenagers and adults. The style of writing is very elementary and every person with high school education is able to comprehend it. Actually, the book is of great importance for people with drinking problems. References Ketcham, Katherine. (2000). Beyond thee Influence: Understanding and Defeating Alcoholism. New York: Bantam Books. How to cite â€Å"Beyond thee Influence† by K. Ketcham, Papers

Police Racial Profiling in America Essay Example

Police: Racial Profiling in America Essay POLICE: RACIAL PROFILING IN AMERICA Naomi D. Hopkins Stevens-Henager College APP 101 9 February 2013 Abstract This paper will discuss the relationship between Fear and how it relates to Racial Profiling in Police Practices. We will also discuss and illustrate real life examples under which Racial Profiling has occurred and how it is scientifically defined. The communication between peace officers and ordinary everyday citizens will also be examined. Police: Racial Profiling in America The issue of Racial Profiling in America by our Police Force is an undeniable truth and tragedy. Steve Holbert and Lisa Rose in their book the color of Guilt Innocence recount a story of a Caucasian woman who is forced to walk alone with her young daughter down dark unfamiliar San Francisco streets at night in the dark. We’ll call this woman Lisa. She had just exited a train car with her young daughter and was walking down the dark streets unsure of her surroundings when she noticed that a stranger man, whose features she couldn’t make out, was following her and her daughter. Lisa had heard and seen reports about a young man in his mid-20s that was dark complected and had been robbing tourists. She felt her body tighten as she began breathing rapidly and she had quickened her pace pulling her daughter along without realizing it, until her daughter started pulling her in the opposite direction because she had dropped her candy cane that she had gotten from the cable car employee earlier that evening. After her experience in the city, she began to question whether the irrational fear of monsters conjured up in the mind of a four year old was so different from the â€Å"monsters in the closet† we perceive as adults, the only difference being that the â€Å"monsters† we see as adults have a face and the face is of those who are different or those whose skin color is darker than our own. (Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004). This begs the question, â€Å"Did she fear this man because it was nighttime and she couldn’t see him and was unsure of her s urroundings? We will write a custom essay sample on Police: Racial Profiling in America specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Police: Racial Profiling in America specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Police: Racial Profiling in America specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Or was it because the man following her reminded her of that minority man who had been on the news who was robbing tourists? This brings to mind another quote I found while writing this paper: â€Å"Rather, racial profiling is more about our human response to an instinctual and primitive fear buried deep in each one of us. † (Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004) On the subject of Fear and Racism, I’m led to another quote in the book used primarily for my research on this very subject as it relates to American Law Enforcement practices. When we ponder the concept of fear in the comfort of a classroom, almost all would agree that to fear a person because of skin color, religious affiliation, or appearance is irrational. In the phobic sense, this fear is xenophobia, the fear and/or hatred of foreigners or anything that is foreign. † (Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004). I would even go so far as to say that contempt prior to investigation is in itself, a form or fear and intolerance. How can we judge a situation, let alone a person, accurately without all the facts? Do we assume we are Gods or Goddesses that are worthy to judge our fellow men or women? If so, what makes us so different, or dare I say, â€Å"Superior† to another? I am reminded of my own feelings, when as a small child; I made the decision to say that â€Å"all white people are racist. † This statement in and of itself is in fact, a form or racial profiling. That is, I was judging a certain race of people, in this case, whites and assuming that I had gathered enough information to do so. This brings me to another quote out of my research, â€Å"To understand the complexities of prejudice, racism, and racial profiling, we must first explore the origin of fear and understand how it can dictate the way in which our body responds to outside stimuli long before we become consciously aware of the racial implications. † (Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004). In fact, the word â€Å"fear† comes from the old English word for â€Å"danger. † When we, as human beings, experience fear our brains respond to perceived danger by using three distinct systems. The first is called Primal or Primitive fear system, and is found in most animals and mammals. This system responds first by alerting the body to any danger. This reaction is automatic and triggers our â€Å"fight or flight† response. The second is triggered by the â€Å"fight or flight† response and is the mind’s Rational or logical fear system. â€Å"This system takes over in an effort to assess the potential danger and weighs options for survival or escape. † (Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004). This system effectively plans possibilities we need to consider to escape an immediate or future threat. The third system is called a person’s Consciousness or Awareness, and acts as a mediator between Primal Fear and Rational Thought. This system will strike a balance between the mind’s emotion and reason and will become the ultimate decision maker in the entire process. Now, let’s examine some history on racial profiling that is actually quite interesting. This thought brings me to another quote I pulled out of this book I used to research this topic/ â€Å"Start with a good idea. Test it thoroughly, and use it with care. Put it in the hands of those who don’t have the experience and training to apply it properly. Add a little discrimination and pressure, and turn up the heat for 20 years. What do you get? Racial Profiling. (Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004). â€Å"In a nutshell, this is the story of Howard Teten, a former FBI Chief of research in the late 1950s who many criminologists credit with popularizing the concept of â€Å"criminal profiling. † A man who lived the best of both worlds, Mr. Teten studied psychology at the University of California at Berkeley while working crime scenes in San Leandro, California. Back in the 1950s, cops typically looked for clues at a crime scene to try to tie the crime to a particular suspect. Teten took this concept one step further by looking at the manner in which the criminal committed the crime in order to develop a psychological profile. This profile ultimately helped officers identify a criminal’s personality traits and mental state and led to a classification of potential suspects who could have committed the crime. † (Holbert S; Rose, L 2004). This very method, which is called â€Å"criminal profiling†, has been widely distorted, especially when it comes to the United States â€Å"War on Drugs. For example, it is assumed that if a person, particularly a person belonging to a minority group (that is not white or Caucasian), is seen wearing gold jewelry that is large in size, a â€Å"corn roll† hair style, baggy clothes, and perhaps gold teeth, Law Enforcement Officials automatically assume that this individual is a â€Å" drug courier,† or an individual that smuggles drugs or money into or out of the country. It can be said that a person’s appearance, jewelry, and travel habits can be used as a basis for identifying and prosecuting those involved in the â€Å"drug trade. The end result of these discriminatory attitudes is that these â€Å"profiles† do not demonstrate â€Å"good science† or offer sensible approaches to productive Law Enforcement procedures. Now, let’s examine the other side of the coin, as it were as it relates to basic race relations. When we all think of a police officer, we all have this stereotypical view that they are tough, intimidating, and very arrogant. In actuality, police officers have learned their very behavior and personality traits from the general public. Most people, when contacted by a police officer, become irritated, hostile, overbearing, and even belligerent. So, in turn, officers have learned how to desensitize or become â€Å"numb† to their emotions and feelings. It wouldn’t be a far cry to say that they have learned to behave as â€Å"not human† just so that they can get through their day without having to worry about what they said, was it rude, right or wrong, what the repercussions might be, and so on. So it is accurate to say that the general public ourselves, have contributed to the attitudes and behaviors of our own Police Force in America. What we don’t hear about or realize often times is that when an officer goes on duty, he or she faces any number of different variables. For example, having a gun pulled on them, being attacked, being shot, taken hostage, being kidnapped, and any number of other things that would threaten or endanger their lives either mortally or fatally. I will illustrate an example of what ought to be advertised when hiring police officers: WANTED: LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS: Must be a social worker, mediator, a fighter, a priest. Must be savvy to the criminal element yet have an unblemished criminal background. Candidates should be compassionate yet distant. Intimidating yet gentle. Aggressive yet always in control. Daily risk of death. Low Pay. Must be willing to work all hours of the day and night in hazardous and extreme conditions. The Faint of Heart need not apply. (Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004) WANTED: LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS: Must be a social worker, mediator, a fighter, a priest. Must be savvy to the criminal element yet have an unblemished criminal background. Candidates should be compassionate yet distant. Intimidating yet gentle. Aggressive yet always in control. Daily risk of death. Low Pay. Must be willing to work all hours of the day and night in hazardous and extreme conditions. The Faint of Heart need not apply. Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004) Realizing these facts, we all ought to be a little gentler with the officer next time we are pulled over for speeding or contacted about a conflict resolution issue. Police Officers deserve respect, but they also do not have the right to demand respect, and it is the same with the rest of us. That being said, when we think of â€Å"use of force† by police officer s, we all know the familiar image conjured up; the Rodney King beating on March 3 1991. In case you’re wondering, the case went to trial and all of the officers involved were NOT convicted. The result was the L. A. Riots of 1992. When we think of this case, we wonder, what could have gone so wrong in our justice system? The answer is not as clear as one might speculate. The â€Å"code of silence† is as much to blame as ignorant and wrong attitudes are to blame. â€Å"The Code of Silence† also known as â€Å"The Blue Wall of Silence† is based on the premise that an officer does not reveal negative information about a fellow police officer. (Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004). I can recall an experience I had in California with an officer who responded to a call about me when I was homeless and sleeping in my vehicle. The officer responded alone, without backup, and contacted myself and two friends of mine. He falsely accused us of smoking weed, arrested my friend for a warrant she had, shined his flashlight deliberately in my face, and pulled his Taser on me when I reacted unfavorably to his â€Å"bullying behavior. † I then had to demand that he call his Watch Commander, or Supervisor out to the field to discuss what happened and what I wanted done about his misconduct. I told the Watch Commander that I wanted an apology, both written and verbal, but to my dismay, he responded and told me, â€Å"I’m sorry ma’am I cannot do that. If I promise to talk to him about this incident, will you refrain from reporting it? † I was appalled to say the least. I later had to go through the channels to report this incident at the Police Department in person, but this is a prime real-life example of â€Å"The Code of Silence† in action. How many times has this happened to other citizens, but for whatever reason, they are too afraid or intimidated to report such misconduct. If we as a society wish our Police Force to be more accountable, we must take the action to make sure that happens. Otherwise, we are just birds preaching to a choir with deaf ears. The sad fact is that many Police Departments still retain the right to â€Å"police† themselves on such issues of misconduct and â€Å"use of force† incidents. This is the main reason that the officers involved in the Rodney King beating of 1991 were cleared of guilt. First of all, to even file a complaint against a police officer, citizens must endure a lengthy and time consuming process that involves appearing in person at the police department, then weeding through the trouble and intimidation of even telling a department employee or filling out a report about the alleged incident, and sometimes are refused and intimidated out of that process. Second and most important, even after all that trouble has been endured by the complainant, little or nothing is ever done about the problem other than to refer it to the Internal Affairs Division of the police department and they in themselves have their own policies and procedures which may or may not include final review by the Chief of Police and even then, the issue may not be resolved to the satisfaction of the complainant. In conclusion, I have learned it is sometimes better to ignore arrogant and racist comments by officers unless I have the time to devote to a complaint and investigation process. I’ll end with this quote from Martin Luther King, Jr. â€Å"We will have to repent in this generation not merely for the hateful words and actions of the bad people but for the appalling silence of the good people. † (King Jr. , Martin Luther 1963) References Holbert, S; Rose, L (2004) the color of GUILT INNOCENCE RACIAL PROFILING AND POLICE PRACTICES IN AMERICA King Jr. , Martin Luther (1963) â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† April 16, 1963 Retrieved from www. history1900sabout. com/od/martinlutherkingjr/a/mlkquotes. htm

buy custom Causes and Effects of Racism essay

buy custom Causes and Effects of Racism essay Racism refers to the belief that a certain racial group is superior or inferior to another, which causes them to be discriminated against based on their various inherent traits (Shah, 2010). Racism has a very long history in the society, infiltrating every aspect of our lives. It is unfortunate that even today racism still continues to exist and shows no sign of declining in the near future. It exists in different forms based on the difference of skin color, religion, culture, economic status etc (Shah, 2010). A better understanding of racism requires a closer look at the core cause which is an institutional ideology. It is more than just ill-treatment of certain people, or hatred; it is a vice that is cultivated and sustained by governments and institutions (Shah, 2010). The initial evidence of racism emerged at the end of the 16th century with the slave trade in America and Britain. The rich and the powerful used racism to justify this inhuman and most atrocious treatment of black people to gain material wealth. Towards the end of the 17th century, racism had become an established and organized justification for degrading and mistreating slaves (Shah, 2010). When slave trade declined, racism took a new form in the 1940s to justify the ideology of imperialism which reigned more than a century. The white mans burden concept was a trend started in England. According to it, British colonialists declared themselves as the father and mother of colonial children charged with the responsibility of their spiritual and material welfare. Colonialists used racism to justify their exploitation of the natives, stealing of their properties, as well as their capitalism expansion into various countries (Shah, 2010). This paper explores the causes and effects of racism. Causes of Racism The various causes of racism are discussed below: Feeling of Unworthiness A majority of racist people in the world tend to lack self-esteem and self-love, thereby making them feel unconfident. Consequently, they tend to venture their negative feelings toward people who are vulnerable and weak (Shah, 2010). It is important to note that people, who love and appreciate themselves, are in a better position to appreciate the feelings of others and understand them; hence, they are able to accommodate others more. Racists have a low-perception of themselves because they feel they lack the opportunities that others have, and, therefore, need to feel superior and exercise power over others, makes them treat others indifferently (Shah, 2010). Ignorance Ignorance is another issue that fuels racism. Children, who are taught that other people are less human, or inferior, grow up with the belief that racism is right and normal, especially when their peers demonstrate similar beliefs and conducts. Consequently, such people tend to see nothing wrong with their actions because they are validated by everybody else around them (Shah, 2010). Until they are aware of the consequences of their actions through education, they continue to remain ignorant of other peoples realities. Intolerance The failure to teach children about tolerance to different people has also contributed to racism. This is because, many schools are segregated based on gender, abilities, race, religion, culture, economic status etc. As a result, children grow up only used to interacting with other children whom they share common things with. When they grow up, they find it difficult to tolerate people who are different from them (Shah, 2010). Effects of Racism The effects of racism are numerous and varied as discussed below: Segregation Racism results in segregation, and was the reason behind the segregation witnessed in the United States between 1890 and 1940, which saw Jim Crow laws being enacted to segregate the black community from the white Americans. Consequently, all public facilities were separated for whites and blacks. Numerous African-Americans faced brutalism, frightening, and even killing for enrolling in schools and votting (Shah, 2010). Lynching of the black population by the whites for insignificant reasons was a common and widespread practice during those days. In healthcare facilities, black people were denied the same quality of health care given to the whites, and several black patients often died due to neglect by medical staffs. Racism also led to the South African Apartheid that resulted in legal segregation of the Africans from the Europeans (Shah, 2010). Racism also led to the mass killing of Jews and Gypsies by Hitler during World War II (Shah, 2010). Hitlers genocide was systematically planned, and sponsored by the Nazi Germany Government, and was aimed to kill all Jews and Gypsies who had occupied the Nazi territory. It is reported that about two-thirds of the twelve million (9 million women and 3 million men) Jews who lived in Europe perished. The most famous factories were Sobibor, Belzec, and Treblinka, where handicapped (physical and mental) Jews and Gypsies were taken and burned alive, when naked (Shah, 2010). Anger, Violence and Hatred Racism results in violence, anger and hatred among people. People who are discriminated against for instance, based on appearance, lack self esteem and confidence. However, since there is nothing they can do to change their appearance, they tend to harbor hatred and anger towards others, which when not handled properly can lead to violence (Shah, 2010). Such people are exceedingly hot-tempered and can turn violent at the least of provocations. Racism has existed since time immemorial and is still present in the current society. The past years of segregation, colonialism and extermination have all remained in our memories, making it difficult to forget everything and treat everybody equally. Though racism may be inevitable in the society, something can still be done to save the future generation from its effects. Education is the way forward. We have to explain to future generations that we share the same earth, so we must accept our differences, and learn to love and tolerate one another. Tolerance is the key word in the fight against racism. Buy custom Causes and Effects of Racism essay

7 Common Mistakes to Avoid You Make When You Meet New People

7 Common Mistakes to Avoid You Make When You Meet New People First impressions are incredibly important. Don’t botch yours by making silly mistakes that undermine your chances of being taken seriously. Wondering whether you might be making any of these totally avoidable errors? Double check your meeting-new-people routine and make sure you aren’t falling victim to any of these faux pas.1. Me me me me me†¦Talking too much about yourself can be very  off-putting. You’ve been in that situation- suffering a seemingly endless monologue from some contact whose hand you’ve only just shaken. It’s an easy trap to fall into, particularly when you’re meant to be networking and selling yourself.Remember to take a step back every now and then and ask some questions about the person you are speaking with. And keep in mind that dominance is not the same as confidence. You can let the conversation be more equal and still project the confidence and control you’ve been working so hard to cultivate.2. Not  Talking About YourselfAlmost as bad as droning on and on about yourself is not talking about yourself enough. Don’t make the other person do all of the conversational heavy-lifting. Don’t give one word answers to thoughtful questions. Don’t be evasive, etc.3. Complaining All the TimeIf you’re just meeting someone, the last thing you want is to give the impression that you’re a moaner. Try to keep it positive, at least for the first half an hour of your acquaintance. You can complain to your family and friends all you like. Keep professional settings positive.4. Buying the First RoundYou may think that you’re ingratiating yourself to a group you’ve just met by offering to bring drinks for everyone back from the bar. But it can actually be more beneficial to a new connection for them to feel like they are doing you a favor. Let someone else grab your drink, then thank them warmly. No need to be the waitress or the star. Just focus on the impression you most want to make.5. Not Being Up-FrontSometimes you meet someone you’ve been following online. It’s awkward and problematic to pretend you don’t know things that you do. Be open about how you’ve made their Internet acquaintance- this will give you something extra to chat about more naturally. And the same goes for not pretending you know more about someone you’ve been introduced to than you do. In these, as in so many cases, honesty is best.6. Over-ComplimentingYou may want to impress someone, but being too complimentary can actually freak people out. And will definitely make you look like you’re just sucking up. Try to keep it as genuine as possible.7. Getting Too PersonalThink of a networking event or opportunity as a first date. Keep things on a somewhat even and considered keel. There will be time for oversharing if you develop a real friendship or connection. Try not to overwhelm your new connection right off the bat .